现在分词讲解4作补语和独立主格结构

5.作补语

现在分词作宾补时, 与宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系; 如果动词变为被动语态时, 现在分词则作主补. 现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行.它主要用于以下两类动词后构成补足语

1). see, look at, notice ,watch, observe ,find, catch,

hear, listen to ,feel ,smell 等表示感官的词后作宾补.

I saw him getting on the bus.

Do you hear somebody knocking on the door?

2). 在 have, get, set, keep, leave, 等表示使役动词动词后面作宾补.

They had the light burning all night long .

He can we get the machine starting.

The words immediately set us laughing .

He kept me waiting fir a long time.

It is wrong of you to leave the machine running.

6.分词的独立结构：

分词短语表示的动作的逻辑主语一般与句子的主语一致, 但是有的分词短语有它自己的独立的主语( 在分词短语之前) , 这种主语常常是名词或代词(主格), 此结构叫独立主格结构, 只能做状语.

I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard．

All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.

Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.

The rain being over, we continued to march.　

有时用with / without +名词/代词宾格+分词形式

(With) the lights burning, he fell asleep.

The boy returned, (with) his nose bleeding.

如去掉with 就是分词的独立主格结构

现在分词的独立成分：

有些分词短语可以作独立成分,用来解释整个句子,不受句子的主语限制.常见的独立成分:

generally speaking , supposing (假设) , judging from / by , talking of , speaking of , …

Judging from /by his appearance, he must be

an actor.

Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys.

Supposing you lose, what will you do ?

Talking of travel, have you been to Beijing?

Putting it mildly, you have caused us some inconvenience. (说得轻一点)