从零开始学大数据(二):Hadoop高可用环境搭建(QJM)

一、虚拟机配置

二、Hadoop 高可用（HA）实现(QJM)

1、node1主机上修改配置文件

• 修改core-site.xml

[root@node1 ~]# vi /opt/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
#修改为如下：
<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
                <value>hdfs://mycluster</value>
        </property>
        <property> 
                <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
                <value>/hadoop-full/</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

• 修改hdfs-site.xml

[root@node1 hadoop]# vi /opt/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
#修改内容为如下：
<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.nameservices</name>
                <value>mycluster</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.ha.namenodes.mycluster</name>
                <value>nn1,nn2</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.mycluster.nn1</name>
                <value>node1:8020</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.mycluster.nn2</name>
                <value>node2:8020</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.mycluster.nn1</name>
                <value>node1:50070</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.mycluster.nn2</name>
                <value>node2:50070</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</name>
                <value>qjournal://node1:8485;node2:8485;node3:8485/mycluster</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.mycluster</name>
              <value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name>
                <value>sshfence</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files</name>
                <value>/root/.ssh/id_rsa</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.journalnode.edits.dir</name>
                <value>/hadoop-full/journalnode</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.replication</name>
                <value>3</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.permissions.enabled</name>
                <value>false</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

2、分发配置文件至node2，node3，node4

[root@node1 ~]#cd /opt/hadoop/etc/hadoop/
[root@hadoop ~]# scp core-site.xml hdfs-site.xml node2:/`pwd`
[root@hadoop ~]# scp core-site.xml hdfs-site.xml node3:/`pwd`
[root@hadoop ~]# scp core-site.xml hdfs-site.xml node4:/`pwd`

3、启动journalnode

[root@node1 ~]# hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode
[root@node2 ~]# hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode
[root@node3 ~]# hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode

4、HDFS Namenode数据同步

• 格式化(第一次配置情况下使用，已运行集群不能用)

[root@node1 ~]# hdfs namenode -format
2020-01-27 11:09:37,394 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /hadoop-full/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.
[root@node1 ~]# hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode

• 共享日志文件初初始化（已运行的非HA集群使用）

[root@node1 ~]#hdfs namenode -initializeSharedEdits

• 启动node1上的namenode节点

[root@node1 ~]#hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode

• node2节点同步镜像数据

[root@node2 ~]# hdfs namenode -bootstrapStandby

• node2节点上启动namenode

[root@node2 ~]#hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode

5、启动datanode节点

[root@node2 ~]#hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode
[root@node3 ~]# hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode
[root@node4 ~]# hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

6、提升namenode节点为active状态

hdfs haadmin -transitionToActive nn1

7、验证

• 命令行验证

[root@node1 ~]# jps
2948 Jps
1829 NameNode
2013 JournalNode
[root@node2 ~]# jps
2029 Jps
1455 NameNode
1519 DataNode
1599 JournalNode
[root@node3 ~]# jps
1335 Jps
1195 DataNode
1275 JournalNode
[root@node4 ~]# jps
997 Jps
967 DataNode

• 网页查看

8、命令行操作HA集群

• 查看服务状态

[root@node1 ~]#hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn1

• 设置namenode为active节点

设置namenode为active节点

• 设置namenode为Standby

[root@node1 ~]#hdfs haadmin -transitionToStandby nn1

• 手动故障切换

[root@node1 ~]#hdfs haadmin -failover nn1 nn2

三、Zookeeper安装配置

1、修改主机hosts文件

[root@node2 conf]# vi /etc/hosts
#添加如下内容
127.0.0.1       localhost

2、上传zookeeper安装包到node2上

3、解压安装包到指定目录

[root@node2 ~]# tar -zxvf zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz -C /opt/

4、重命名目录

[root@node2 ~]# mv /opt/zookeeper-3.4.6/ /opt/zookeeper

5、修改配置文件

• 重命名配置文件

[root@node2 ~]#cd /opt/zookeeper/conf/
[root@node2 conf]#cp zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg

• 修改配置文件

[root@node2 conf]#vi zoo.cfg
#12行修改为如下内容
dataDir=/hadoop-full/zookeeper
#文件末尾添加如下内容
server.1=node2:2888:3888
server.2=node3:2888:3888
server.3=node4:2888:3888

5、添加环境变量

• 修改配置文件

[root@node2 ~]# vi /etc/profile.d/hadoop.sh
#修改为如下内容
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk
export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop
export ZOOKEEPER_HOME=/opt/zookeeper
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/bin

• 重新编译文件

[root@node2 ~]# source /etc/profile

6、创建工作目录

[root@node2 ~]# mkdir -p /hadoop-full/zookeeper
[root@node2 ~]# echo 1 >/hadoop-full/zookeeper/myid

7、分发文件

• 分发hosts文件

[root@node2 conf]# scp /etc/hosts node3:/etc/hosts
[root@node2 conf]# scp /etc/hosts node4:/etc/hosts

• 分发环境变量

[root@node2 ~]# scp /etc/profile.d/hadoop.sh node3:/etc/profile.d/
[root@node2 ~]# scp /etc/profile.d/hadoop.sh node4:/etc/profile.d/

• 编译profile文件

[root@node3 ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@node4 ~]# source /etc/profile

• 分发zookeeper安装文件

[root@node2 ~]# scp -r /opt/zookeeper node3:/opt/
[root@node2 ~]# scp -r /opt/zookeeper node4:/opt/

• 分发工作目录

[root@node2 ~]# scp -r /hadoop-full/zookeeper node3:/hadoop-full/
[root@node2 ~]# scp -r /hadoop-full/zookeeper node4:/hadoop-full/

8、修改myid文件

[root@node3 ~]# echo 2 >/hadoop-full/zookeeper/myid
[root@node4 ~]# echo 3 >/hadoop-full/zookeeper/myid

9、启动服务

[root@node2 ~]# zkServer.sh start
[root@node3 ~]# zkServer.sh start
[root@node4 ~]# zkServer.sh start

10、查看状态

[root@node2 opt]# zkServer.sh status
JMX enabled by default
Using config: /opt/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: follower
[root@node3 ~]# zkServer.sh status
JMX enabled by default
Using config: /opt/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: leader
[root@node4 ~]# zkServer.sh status
JMX enabled by default
Using config: /opt/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: follower

五、Zookeeper实现Hadoop Namenode HA故障自动切换

1、node1主机上修改配置文件

• 修改core-site.xml

[root@node1 ~]# vi /opt/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
#原有内容上添加为如下内容：
<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name>
                <value>node2:2181,node3:2181,node4:2181</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

• 修改hdfs-site.xml

[root@node1 hadoop]# vi /opt/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
#原有内容上添加为如下内容：
<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name>
                <value>true</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

2、分发配置文件至node2，node3，node4

[root@node1 ~]#cd /opt/hadoop/etc/hadoop/
[root@hadoop ~]# scp core-site.xml hdfs-site.xml node2:/`pwd`
[root@hadoop ~]# scp core-site.xml hdfs-site.xml node3:/`pwd`
[root@hadoop ~]# scp core-site.xml hdfs-site.xml node4:/`pwd`

3、zookeeper FailerController格式化

[root@node1 ~]# hdfs zkfc -formatZK
2020-01-27 11:26:40,326 INFO ha.ActiveStandbyElector: Successfully created /hadoop-ha/mycluster in ZK

4、namenode节点安装psmisc（ZKFC主机）

[root@node1 ~]#yum install psmisc -y
[root@node2 ~]#yum install psmisc -y

5、node2免密登录node2设置

[root@node2 ~]# ssh-keygen 
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:21X44T83NPr3k/FabLoSGZZDCoGck1ncNiowoLJGlr0 root@node2
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|  .. . Boo       |
| .o o B o + ..   |
|o+ . o . + +..o  |
|+.  . . . . =+ . |
|.. E   .S  ..+oo |
|.        o .o o+.|
|        . .  o oX|
|            . .**|
|             .++=|
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@node2 ~]# cd ~/.ssh/
[root@node2 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id node1
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host 'node1 (192.168.30.11)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:/V6z9w2ts2Ei8dgcKAlJCGozcmoeWNSNyctvHWjdoJk.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:09:41:c7:ad:2b:65:77:6f:eb:af:77:be:8f:e3:1f:15.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@node1's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'node1'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@node2 .ssh]# ssh node1

6、启动集群

[root@node1 hadoop]# start-dfs.sh

7、验证：

六、ResourceManager HA 配置

1、修改mapred-site.xml

[root@node1 hadoop]# vi /opt/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml
#修改为如下内容
<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
        <value>yarn</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

2、修改yarn-site.xml

[root@node1 hadoop]# vi /opt/hadoop/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml
#修改为如下内容
<configuration>
<!-- Site specific YARN configuration properties -->
        <property>
                <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
                <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
        </property>
          <!-- 开启日志聚合 -->
        <property>
                <name>yarn.log-aggregation-enable</name>
                <value>true</value>
        </property>      
        <property>
                <!-- 配置yarn为高可用 -->
                <name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.enabled</name>
                <value>true</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <!-- 集群的唯一标识 -->
                <name>yarn.resourcemanager.cluster-id</name>
                <value>cl uster1</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <!-- ResourceManager ID -->
                <name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.rm-ids</name>
                <value>rm1,rm2</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <!-- 指定ResourceManager 所在的节点 -->
                <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm1</name>
                <value>node1</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <!-- 指定ResourceManager Http监听的节点 -->
                <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address.rm1</name>
                <value>node1:8088</value>
        </property>
         <property>
                <!-- 指定ResourceManager 所在的节点 -->
                <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm2</name>
                <value>node2</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <!-- 指定ResourceManager Http监听的节点 -->
                <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address.rm2</name>
                <value>node2:8088</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <!-- 指定zookeeper所在的节点 -->
                <name>yarn.resourcemanager.zk-address</name>
                <value>node2:2181,node3:2181,node4:2181</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

3、把修改得配置文件分发到node2，node3，node4主机中

[root@node1 hadoop]# cd /opt/hadoop/etc/hadoop/
[root@node1 hadoop]# scp hadoop-env.sh mapred-site.xml yarn-site.xml node2:/`pwd`
[root@node1 hadoop]# scp hadoop-env.sh mapred-site.xml yarn-site.xml node3:/`pwd`
[root@node1 hadoop]# scp hadoop-env.sh mapred-site.xml yarn-site.xml node4:/`pwd`

4、启动服务

• node1上执行

[root@node1 hadoop]# start-yarn.sh

• node2上执行

[root@node2 ~]# yarn-daemon.sh start resourcemanager

• 测试

最后说明，因为本环境搭建考虑的每个人的技术基础，所以把每个环节拆开部署，让大家能看懂其中的原理，后期熟练掌握的话可以合并步骤进行配置，有问题也可以留言或者私信我都可以。