四六级临近,不到最后一刻,千万不能放弃。今天给大家分析一下最让人摸不着头脑的选词填空。
如何在5分钟内搞定这个分值比例为5%的题型呢?下面我们就以2017年6月的四级选词填空真题来详细说明一下吧。此题实为结构题,而做结构题,千万不能全凭语感,而是要根据解题步骤来解题。
那么,解题步骤具体有哪几步呢?
读文章首段首句,确定文章主题
按照词性与语法,将词库单词分类
通过空格附近的前后词,预判空格词性
根据内容选答案
理解全句,检验答案
2017年6月四级选词填空真题
The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花), for example, which give many a modern beer its bitter flavor, are a (26) _____ recent addition to the beverage. This was mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a (27) _____ ingredient in residue (残留物) from 5,000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While excavating two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots, funnels, amphorae, and stoves (stove fragment pictured). The different shapes of the containers (28) _____ they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They may be ancient "beer-making toolkits," and the earliest (29) _____ evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To (30) _____ that hypothesis, the team examined the yellowish, dried (31) _____ inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like millet and barley (大麦), and about 10% were bits of roots, (32) _____ lily, which would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: The crop was domesticated in western Eurasia and didn't become a (33) _____ food in central China until about 2,000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they suggest barley may have (34) _____ in the region not as food, but as (35) _____ material for beer brewing.
【选项】
以本题为例,让我们实践下解题步骤~
Step1: 读文章首段首句,确定文章主题
我们根据首句不设空的原则,30秒内扫读一下文章的首段首句,把握一下主旨大意。文章首句为:The method for making beer has changed over time.(啤酒的制作方法随着时间的变迁而发生了改变。)因此,文章接下来要讲的内容跟啤酒制作方法的变化有关。有的同学习惯把全文通读一遍,其实没有必要。
Step2: 按照词性与语法,将词库单词分类
就词性而言,选词填空主要考察四种词性——名词、动词、形容词和副词。大家可以根据词的后缀进行词性的区分,常见的单词后缀列举如下:
1. 名词(n.)后缀—— -sion, -tion, -ity, -ness
2. 动词(v.)后缀—— -ate, -en
3. 形容词(a.)后缀—— -able, -ive, -ous, -ful, -less, -ent, -ant
4. 副词(ad.)后缀—— -ly, -ward
就语法而言,除了单词原形,选项中经常出现以下三类单词形式,因此在标记的时候我们一并将其标记出来。
1. 名词的复数形式(pl.)
2. 动词的过去式和分词形式(v-ing或v-ed)
3. 动词的第三人称单数形式(v-s/v-es)
根据这个规律,我们将2017年6月真题词库中的15个词进行标记。
Step3: 通过空格附近的前后词,预判空格词性
确定了单词的词性和语法之后,我们就可以回到文章中分析每个空格要填入的词性即可。名词、动词、形容词和副词在句中充当的语法成分总结如下:
1. 名词——名词充当主语、宾语、同位语、定语四种成分。
2. 动词——动词一般作谓语,分词结构和不定式可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等谓语之外的任何成分。
3. 形容词——做定语修饰名词或作表语和补语。
4. 副词——修饰动词、形容词、过去分词、现在分词、介词结构或副词。
因此,我们可以判断出每个空格应该填入的单词的词性和语法形式。例如26题,根据空前面的a和空后面的recent,可以判断空格应填入副词;27题,根据空格后面的ingredient,判断空格缺形容词;28题,根据空前面的containers和空格后的they, 可以判定空格处缺谓语动词;29题,根据空格前的earliest和空格后的evidence,判断空格处缺形容词;30题,由空格前的to和空格后的that判断此处应填动词原形;31题,由空格前的dried判断空格应填名词;32题,由空格前的about 10% were bits of roots,以及空格后的lily,可以判断应为介词including(此题是个例外);33题,由空格前的a和空格后的food,判断此处应填形容词;34题,由空格前的may have和空格后的in the region判断此处应填v-ed;35题,由空前的but as和空后的material判断此处应填形容词。
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